Pediatric Pathology

Pediatric surgical pathology is a branch of pediatrics which deals with all the surgical operations of human beings below the age of 18. Pediatric surgery is mainly divided into these following categories, such as, cardiothoracic surgery, nephrological surgery, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric urological surgery, nephrological surgery, hepatological surgery, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery and oncological surgery. It may also involve evaluation of the molecular properties of tissue by immunohistochemistry.

Pediatric clinical pathology supports the diagnosis of disease using laboratory testing of blood and other bodily fluids, tissues, and microscopic evaluation of individual cells among the children. Clinical pathologists and technologists provide laboratory results in a timely, efficient and thoughtful manner; supporting research, clinicians, referring physicians, and students in the diagnosis and treatment of many animal species. A clinical specialist is an associate in nursing skilled on clinical laboratory testing and an authority to the practitioner.

Recent advances in molecular technology vastly expanded the possibilities for personalized medicine. Benefiting from these techniques requires thoughtful tests, coupled with a deep understanding of the clinical implications of molecular alterations. The promise of personalized medicine is to match specific aberrations in a patient’s tumor DNA to the most accurate diagnosis, the most up-to-date prognosis and the most effective therapy available. Many pediatric tumors and vascular malformations are defined by characteristic genetic changes that are best assessed by evolving molecular technologies. The correct diagnosis is essential to offering patients both the most accurate prognosis and the most effective therapy. To that end, we have designed a suite of molecular tests that will take the practice of diagnostic pediatric pathology to the next level with multiplex testing that delivers more actionable information with a better turnaround time.

Pediatric gastroenterology is a program that mainly focuses on researching inflammatory bowel disease, infectious diarrhea, and motility disorders which are basically associated with gastrointestinal complications. Digestive disorders are very commonly observed in children due to lack of nutritious food leading to the symptoms like abdominal pain etc. GIT and Brain are closely connected, and their functional conditions are related due to a combination of extra sensitivity of the GI tract leads to the changes in the motility or movement of the digestive system. Human stomach and intestines always keep the food moving and some people feel this more intensely than other people. These conditions are commonly observed, sometimes run in families, and are usually found in individuals who are otherwise healthy. Children who are facing this problem usually experience recurrent pain in the middle of the abdomen. When the abdominal pain or discomfort is relieved by stooling or relates to a change in the frequency or consistency of the stool, we call that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Children who are suffering from any type of blood dyscrasia or cancer are considered under the category of Pediatric Hematology.  A pediatric haematologist/oncologist is the experts who have the expertise and qualifications to detect, diagnose and treat immature patient and cure from the sickness. Pediatric haematologists/oncologists treat youngsters and teenagers from birth through young adulthood to cure the patient from the deadly sickness. They routinely work on the care and treatment of patients with hematological diseases. Although some of the work is also related to hematology laboratory viewing blood films and bone marrow slides under the microscope, interpreting various hematological test results and blood clotting test results.

If children have skin conditions like a nevus, eczema, warts, or skin problem their treatment and diagnosis come under the category of pediatric dermatology. A pediatric medical specialist has the expertise and qualifications to treat your kid. Pediatric dermatologists treat a good kind of pediatric skin conditions exploitation the most recent out their treatment strategies. Pediatric dermatologists treat youngsters from birth through adolescence.Children don't seem to be simply tiny adults. They’re not forever able to say what's bothering them. They cannot forever answer medical queries or hold back and useful throughout a medical check-up. Pediatric dermatologist’s acumen to look at and treat youngsters in a very method that puts them comfortable, in kid-friendly offices exploitation medical instrumentality designed for kids.

Childhood fatness may be a complicated health issue. It happens once a baby is well higher than the traditional or healthy weight for his or her age and height. The causes of excess weight gain in tyke’s area unit just like those in adults, as well as factors like a person’s behavior and biological science. Our nation’s overall increase in fatness is also influenced by a person’s community. Wherever folks live will influence their ability to form healthy selections.When human body stores unused energy it eventually leads to the storage of fat. To maintain a healthy weight, you have to burn the energy from the foods you eat and the excess body fat which is stored in the body. If you eat more than you use, your body will store the extra energy as fat. Behavior that may make kids becomes obese or overweight.

Pediatric oncology is the research and treatment of cancers in children and young adults. It is medical specialty that deals drugs including the identification and treatment of cancer in youngsters. Childhood cancers square measure terribly rare and should dissent from adult cancers within the method they grow and unfold, however they're treated, and the way they answer treatment. Common varieties of childhood cancer embrace malignant neoplastic disease (begins in blood-forming tissue like bone marrow), malignant neoplastic disease (begins within the cells of the immune system), malignant tumor (begins in bound nerve cells), malignant neoplasm (begins within the tissues of the retina), Wilms tumor (a kind of excretory organ cancer), and cancers of the brain, bone, and soft tissue. Conjointly it is referred to as medical specialty of cancer.

Pediatric ophthalmology is a sub-specialty of ophthalmology which deals with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children. Expert that is qualified to perform advanced eye surgery yet on manage children's eye issues victimization glasses and medications is pediatric ophthalmologist. Several specialists and alternative physicians refer medical specialty patients to a medical specialty ophthalmologist for examination and management of ocular issues thanks to children's distinctive wants. additionally, to kids with obvious vision issues, kids with head turns, head tilts, closed of the eyes, or most well-liked head postures (torticollis) square measure generally stated a medical specialty specialist for analysis. Medical specialty ophthalmologists generally additionally manage adults with eye movement disorders (such as move or squint) thanks to their familiarity with strabismus conditions.

Pediatric Orthopedics is basically concerned with the evaluation of the children with indications which majorly includes the torment or irritation in joints, muscles or stringy tissue and some present side effects including Pain, shortcoming, rash and fever with other perpetual fiery illnesses and usually present exhaustive symptomatic administrations in children with rheumatic issue and its related conditions is considered under the this category. Adolescent Rheumatic Arthritis (JRA) is the regular reason for Chronic Arthritis in Children whereas there are some different ailments in which presently used for joint pain is yet one of numerous side effects such as dermatomyositis, lupus and vasculitis and so forth. Pediatric Orthopedics area mainly focuses on adolescents and youngsters who are suffering from joint inflammation and some other immune system infections in young ages. The exercises of the division of Pediatric Rheumatology incorporate training of understudies, inhabitants, colleagues, doctors, medical caretakers, and advisors in regard to pediatric rheumatic illnesses, and Clinical, translational, and fundamental research with respect to rheumatic ailments. A pediatric rheumatologist usually works with a pediatrician or family doctor to have examination of the patient and treat an assortment of joint, muscle, and bone issue.

The Pediatric Otolaryngology team refers comprehensive and personalized care of a child who is suffering with disorders of the ear, nose, throat and related structures. Pediatric otolaryngologist primarily deals with the medical and surgical procedure of ear, nose, and throat diseases in youngsters. Pediatric otolaryngologists typically offer the subsequent services like diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders, and head and neck diseases. In some severe cases they also perform surgery of the pinnacle and neck, as well as before and after-surgery care.

Pediatric immunology is a branch of pediatrics primarily dealing with immunological or allergic disorders related to infants/ children. Pediatric immunology majorly works on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms which are directly related to the immune system and it has seriously involved in the development of new diagnostic tests and treatment. Many organs in human body plays vital role in immunological functions. Some of the organs include thymus, bone marrow, spleen and tonsils.

Pulmonary pathology is the sub-specialty of the surgical pathology which majorly deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lungs and thoracic pleura. The specimens for diagnosis are basically obtained via bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and they are further used for the diagnosis and further characterization. The diagnosis of inflammatory or fibrotic diseases of the lungs is considered by many pathologists to be particularly challenging and they own a specialty in dealing with the same. Special experience in surgical pathology exists in respiratory organ transplant pathology, body part medical specialty together with mesotheliomas, cartilaginous tube pathology, respiratory organ cardiovascular disease, vasculitis, tumor diseases, and pediatric respiratory organ pathology.

Pediatric surgery is the sub-specialty of surgery which majorly involves surgery of fetuses, babies, adolescents, children, and young adults. Subspecialties of pediatric surgery include two types: neonatal surgery and fetal surgery. If a child is suffering from any sort of illness, injury, or disease that can only be treated by a surgery, a pediatric surgeon has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. Surgical problems are monitored by pediatric surgeons which are often different from those commonly seen by adult or general surgeons. Special training in pediatric surgery is important.

Pediatric Urogynecology is associated with the female child pelvic medicine established field of urogynecology. An urogynecologist is the physician with the specialization who takes care for pelvic floor disorders in a blend of gynecology and reconstructive surgery. Pelvic floor disorders – such as prolapse or incontinence – involve the muscles, ligaments, connective tissue, and nerves in the uterus, vagina, bladder and rectum which are observed in the children most likely. Although a primary care physician or general OB/GYN can address certain pelvic floor disorders, pediatric pelvic medicine specialist has the extra training necessary to administer appropriate treatment and improve a patient’s quality of life in case of girl child

Pediatrics Neuropsychology is a sub-specialty within the field of clinical neuropsychology that studies the relationship between brain health and behavior in children. Most pediatric neuropsychologists are involved in teaching, research, supervision, and training of undergraduate and graduate students in the field to create more compatibility with the children. In most developed countries undergraduate and graduate psychology programs generally do not offer a "track" in pediatric neuropsychology, per se. Pediatric neuropsychologists are authorized psychologists. They need special training in both psychotherapeutics and psychology. The special training is used to facilitate and manage youngsters with brain disorders.

Adolescent drugs or hebiatrics is referred to as a therapeutic subspecialty that primarily focuses on treatment of patients who are within the pre-adult time of growth. Most of the patents taking this medicine are growing in college, grade school, elementary school. Mostly in developed nations, the psychosocial period of adolescence is extended both by an earlier start, as the onset of puberty begins earlier, and a later end, as patients require more years of education or training before they reach economic independence from their parents.

Fetal and perinatal pathology is taken to include embryonic, fetal, perinatal and neonatal pathology. It is an examination or clinical investigations of mid-trimester abortuses and for placenta.  It’s recommended that placentas be examined from all stillbirths, multiple pregnancies, low birth weight and small-for-gestational age babies and abnormal pregnancies. Immune hydrops is generally diagnosed antenatally and the autopsy commonly provides confirmation and documentation of the extent of cardiovascular compromise in the healthy tissues of the patient. In cases of unexplained non-immune hydrops, significant structural abnormalities have usually been excluded by tertiary referral ultrasound examination and in this setting the role of the autopsy is primarily used to identify undetected abnormalities, such as congenital cardiac disease, and, more commonly it is related to facilitate ancillary investigations for the detection of underlying pathologies which are non-detectable sonographically, such as inherited metabolic disorders and a wide range of genetic syndromes.

The branch Neonatology assumes a noteworthy part of the Pediatric children infections conditions, which basically incorporate the medical health condition of children. The pediatrics is a training which is hospital based. This will mainly be carried out in intensive neonatal care units. The key part done by the Pediatric Perinatology is to manage the embryo and the entangled wellbeing circumstances amid incubation period which found in Pediatrics Neonatology. This is done under extreme care and the safety to maintain the perinatal conditions.