11^th International Conference on Pediatric Pathology & Diagnosis March 15-16, 2017 London, UK

Biography:

Dr. Sarah Adelaide Crawford received a doctoral degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. She received a Master’s Degree in biochemistry from Princeton University. Her post-doctoral research was carried out at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Dr. Crawford is Professor of Genetics at Southern Connecticut State University and Director of the Cancer Biology Research Laboratory. In 2013, she was awarded two patents [USA, Canada and Europe] for developing novel combined chemotherapy approaches using a new plant extract formulation for brain tumors and other malignancies. Dr. Crawford has begun a new research initiative to study the causes and prevention of autism.  She has developed a new model to explain the causes of autism and its recent dramatic increase. Applications of this model can be used in preventive approaches to screen for autism risk factors to reduce the occurrence of this disorder.

Abstract:

Recent discoveries of the connections between the maternal immune system [IS] and prenatal brain development suggest that routine prenatal screening for chronic disorders associated with IS dysfunction may be useful in identifying women at heightened risk for giving birth to a child with autism. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of IS disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and chronic obesity in combination with insulin-resistant diabetes, has increased significantly over the past several decades and that pregnant women with these conditions are at increased risk for having a child with autism. For this reason, physiological parameters associated with these prenatal conditions that can be detected before onset or at early stages of disease may serve as biomarkers for increased autism risk.

A physiological relationship between maternal IS dysfunction and impaired embryonic/fetal brain development may be defined by critical neurodevelopmental functions of brain microglia that are responsive to both neural and immunological stimuli. Impaired regulation of the developmentally versus immunologically defined functions of brain microglia may represent a primary cause of the neurological impairments characteristic of ASD. This critical cause/effect relationship provides the rationale for autism risk factor assessment using biomarkers associated with chronic immune conditions that impair the neurodevelopmental functions of microglia as a consequence of their inappropriate immunological activation. Moreover, the connection between abnormal IS function and impaired neural development suggests preventive approaches that can be used to decrease the overall risk for ASD in children born to mothers with these conditions. 

Biography:

Dr. Lopez-Ruiz has completed his PhD from Valencia University and postdoctoral studies from CEU Cardenal Herrera Health Sciences Faculty.  She obtained her doctorate in Medicine with the doctoral thesis on “Analysis of the use of medication in the paediatric population that visit accident and emergency department” with summa cum laude. She has achieved the qualification of “University Expert in Neonatology” from the Catholic University in Valencia. She is Medicine Degree Coordinator in CEU Cardenal Herrera University since 2015. She has attended to International Congresses of Pediatrics as a keynote speaker  and she has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The use of antipsychotics, antagonists of dopamine D2 receptors in the treatment of ADHD in children needs further revision given the incidence of side effects of unknown frequency as tardive dyskinesia and acute extrapyramidal symptoms, both induced by haloperidol and the fact that overdose can produce dangerous morbidity, sometimes even requiring intensive care treatment . Patients receiving neuroleptics such as butyrophenone Haloperidol for a long period of time can develop several forms of a rare side effect included among the extrapyramidal dyskinetic syndromes, especially oral- facial involuntary movements as well as uncontrolled movements of the extremities called tardive dyskinesia.

We present a case of tardive dyskinesia, the most frequent group of involuntary movements in patient taking haloperidol.

Case report: An 11-year-old male patient taking a high dose of haloperidol and methylphenidate in a normal dose for two years was hospitalized due to the severity of the symptoms and eventually the child developed a syndrome of tardive dyskinesia.

Upon admission, medication was stopped and the symptoms disappeared in the next 24 hours. Three days later the boy recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital to follow treatment in the outpatient clinic. There were no recurrences of the dyskinetic reactions during that summer.

Conclusions: Given the possibility of presentation of tardive dyskinesia and other acute extrapyramidal symptoms, we strongly recommend avoiding the prescription of haloperidol, especially associated to methylphenidate (also responsible for some cases of tardive dyskinesia) in the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Biography:

Dr. Michael Kalinin has completed his medical study at the age of 24 years from State Medical Academy named after Burdenko, Russia. His training in Pediatrics he completed in Israel under supervision of Tel Aviv University and Ben Gurion University of the Negev. Subspecialty in the field of Pediatric intensive care was result of fellowship program at Tel Aviv Medical center and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Dr. Kalinin has several publications in different fields of medicine. Now Dr. Kalinin is head of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Barzilai Medical Center, Israel. He is part of academic staff of Ben Gurion University of the Negev

Abstract:

The interaction of zinc deficiency and hypothyroidism has several reported presentations. The link between hypoglycemia and hypothyroidism is also known, but uncommon. For the last 40 years, the relationship between these two phenomena was illustrated in a handful of articles.We present a six-month-old boy with the unusual combination of these three conditions, his diagnostic evaluation and management.

The case presentation is accompanied by a short literature review. According to the literature, zinc deficiency adversely affects thyroid function. Moreover, thyroid function correlates with the glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, the association of zinc deficiency, hypothyroidism and hypoglycemia has not yet been described in the current available literature in English. Therefore, we suggest that the relationship between zinc and thyroid function should be considered in any case of severe intractable hypoglycemia and extensive skin eruption.

Biography:

Dr. Mir Anwar graduated Medicine from Bangladesh in 1975. He did his post-graduation in Pediatrics from Ireland in 1982.Further he did his Public Health Post graduation- MPH (concentration Maternity and Child Health) from University of Massachusetts, USA in 2003.Then he joins in UN/ WHO and worked as a Pediatric Consultant & Public Health Specialist, around the world including Asia, Middle East, Africa, Pacific Island, Ireland and USA. Since 2007 he has been working in South Africa in different provinces of South Africa with the Department of Health. Presently he is working as a Clinical Medical Manager in Richmond Chest Hospital, KZN. South Africa. His main research interest presently is, Childhood TB with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. In his long carrier in Pediatric and Public Health he had attended several International Congress, Conferences, and Seminars and presented his original work. Some of them were published in International Journal Including American Child Neurology Journal, Japan Pediatric Neurology Journal, Pakistan Pediatric Journal, Bangladesh Child Medical Journal, Nigerian Journal of Obstratics and Gynecology Etc. For his work he is honored by American Academy of Pediatrics, Royal College of Health, UK, and International College of Pediatrics. Etc. His Biography was published in Who’s Who in Medicine Cambridge, UK in 1985. He is an active member of different International and National Pediatric Organization, Association etc. Presently is one of the honorary Member of Editorial Board- Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology, Published from Texas, USA.

Abstract:

Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma is the most common renal tumor in children and is associated with different congenital anomalies and syndromes. Aniridia as well as hypospadias could be indices of first mutation according to Knudson and Strong hypothesis i.e., PubMed. The name came from German surgeon Max Wilms who first described about child kidney tumor. Wilms’ tumor (WT) is affecting one in 10,000 children in average population. 75% of all tumor occur among the normal children, remaining 25% are with other syndrome or congenital other defects. The frequency of Wilms’ tumor (WT) in relatives was estimated to be less than 0.4% in sibs, 0.06% in uncles and aunts, and 0.04% in first cousins. Girls have higher risk then of boys ratio is 0.89:1. Age-WT is most common in young children; with an average age being about 3-4 years.

The tumor is less common in elder children and rare in adults. Race- black communities are more affected than Caucasian & Asian Communities. Mostly unilateral kidney is affected but less commonly bilateral kidney also affects. 90% of WT are unilateral, 5% are of bilateral kidney involvements. Children with WAGR syndrome have about 30% to 50% chance of having a Wilms tumor.

Birth defects like aniridia, hemi-hypertrophy, cryptorchidism, hypospadias etc. have a link of Wilms tumor. So per research has not found any strong links between WT and environmental factors either during a mother’s pregnancy or after child birth. A significant number of studies in genetics and molecular biology have improved our understanding of this malignancy discovering as well how different genes play a critical role in the organogenesis process. Surgery is obvious followed by chemotherapy. Recent studies from Europe have suggested that in some cases chemo may not be needed to continue as previously thought. It is also one of the successes of paediatric oncology with long term survival above 90% for localized disease and 75% for metastatic disease. Successful management of Wilms’ tumor necessitates meticulous attention to correct staging of the tumor and a collaborative effort between paediatric oncologists, specialist surgeons, radiologists, pathologists and radiation oncologists. The poor outcome for patients with Wilms’ tumor (WT) in developing countries has been predicated on late presentation, poverty and low rate of chemotherapeutic access.

Biography:

Abstract:

Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques offer a noninvasive, non-irradiating yet sensitive approach to diagnose and monitor pediatric brain tumors. Proton MR spectroscopy (MRS), as an adjunct to MRI, has been more widely applied to monitor the metabolic aspects of brain cancer. In vivo MRS biomarkers represent a promising advance and may influence treatment choice both at initial diagnosis and follow-up, given the inherent difficulties of sequential biopsies to monitor therapeutic response. When combined with anatomical or other types of imaging, MRS provide unique information regarding biochemistry in inoperable brain tumors and may complement neuropathologic data, guide biopsies and suggest therapeutic options. The combination of non-invasively acquired prognostic information and the high-resolution anatomical imaging provided by conventional MRI is expected to surpass molecular analysis or DNA microarray gene profiling, both of which, although promising, depend on invasive biopsy. This presentation will focus on recent bibliographic data in the field of MRS in children with brain tumors.   

Biography:

Dr. Ahmadshah Farhat has completed his Medical faculty at the age of 26 years from Kabul University, Pediatric Specialist from Mashhad University of Medical sciences in Iran and neonatology sub specialty from Mashhad University of Medical sciences. From 1992 to now He is published more than 60 articles. He is vice councilor of Neonatal Research Center. He has attended 150 national & international as speaker or participant.           
 

Abstract:

Breast  milk  health  is  one  of the essential  element  in  feeding  of premature  infants . Generally  in  initial  of  breast  feeding  , different methods of  disinfecting  such  as irrigation  with  usual  detergents  like water  and  soap  are  used  to  eliminate  the  probable  bacteria.  The necessity  of  the  usage  of  such  items  has  not  been  mentioned  in  some  studies  , and  even  at  the  time  of  comparison  , different  results  have  been  obtained. This is a controlled clinical trial that evaluated result of breast milk culture in mothers of premature infants in NICU. Sample has been collected from breast of these mothers in four method; manual with and without irrigation and pump expression with and without irrigation. Each sample was collected in striel pot and it was transport to laboratory quickly for microbial cultur. The  results  showed  that  the  cultured  bacteria  in  samples  collected  manually , with  &  without  irrigation , were ,  staphylococcus  coagulas negative  ,    staphylococuse aurous  ,  enterococ  and   klebseilla  pneumonia.  In  one  sample  of  without  irrigation  and  four  samples  of  with  irrigation  , lack  of  growth  of  bacteria  was  observed .  In  pump  expression  samples  ,  with  &  without  irrigation  ,  the  cultureded  bacteria  were  consisted  of  : staphylococcus Coagulase  negative     , staphylococcus  aurous    ,  enterococus  ,  klebseilla  pneumonia  ,  entrobacteriacea   and   pseudomonas .  Among  the  samples  , in  three  samples  of  without  irrigation  and  two  samples  of   with  irrigation  , lack  of  growth  of  bacteria  was  observed. The results  showed  that  cultured bacteria    in  pump  samples  were  much  more  than  manual  samples.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background and study aims: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of chronic cholestasis in infants. The most important objective in such cases is to distinguish obstructive cholestasis from non-obstructive causes. Aim of the study: To evaluate the hepatic histopathology for the presence of features that correlate best with the diagnosis of BA.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively study the data of 81 infants who presented with neonatal cholestatic syndrome (NCS) (58 diagnosed as BA and 23 as not BA). We evaluated 6 histopathological parameters including ductular proliferation, bile plugs, intracellular bile pigments, giant cells transformation, Portal cellular infiltration and fibrosis.

Results: The study showed that ductular proliferation, bile plugs and intracellular bile pigments emerged as the best indicators of BA while multinucleate giant cells transformation and portal cellular infiltration were seen in NH.

Conclusion: In developing countries, we therefore recommend doing prelaparotomy liver biopsy for all suspected cases of BA to decrease the frequency of negative laparotomy to achieve cost benefit with reduced morbidity.